The following is a guide for inorganic chemistry in the core curriculum. Nine major areas are listed and topics within those areas are suggested for a one-semester or two-quarter second level course that is expected to build upon introductory courses that cover elementary principles of chemical bonding and structure, thermodynamics, kinetics, and descriptive chemistry of the elements. It is recognized that most curricula will not cover all of the topics listed. Atomic Structure. Spectra and orbitals, ionization energy, electron affinity, shielding and effective nuclear charge. Ionic Substances. Lattice and close packing concepts; ionic radii, lattice energy calculations and correlation to properties (solubility, hardness, etc.). Covalent Molecular Substances. Geometries (symmetry point groups), Lewis structures and VSEPR concepts, valence bond theory (hybridization, , , bonds), molecular orbital theory (homo and hetero-nuclear diatomics, multi-center MO, electron-deficient molecules, -donor and acceptor ligands), electronegativities, bond energies and radii. Metallic Substances. Close packing concepts, metallic bonding, band theory, conductivity, semiconductors, insulators, defects, preparation of new materials through doping; metallurgy (occurrence, recovery, refining, reactivities); alloys and other "metallic" substances. Acids and Bases. Acidic, basic, and amphoteric substances; Bronsted-Lowry, Lewis, hard-soft acid base, and solvent system concepts; non-aqueous solvents. Main Group Elements. Distribution, occurrence, isolation, recovery, structures, properties; synthesis, structure, physical properties, acid-base character, and reactivities of their compounds; Lewis adducts and coordination compounds; organo derivatives, simple anions, oxoacids and their salts; periodic trends, eg. metallic character of the elements, properties of the oxides, halides, hydrides, coordinative saturation and unsaturation; bond strengths and energies. Transition Elements and Coordination Compounds. Ligands, coordination number, stereochemistry, and nomenclature-, descriptive chemistry (synthesis, structures, properties, acidities, reactivities, electrochemistry, magnetic properties), bonding and spectroscopy. ligand field and molecular orbital theory, electronic spectroscopy, term symbols and spectrochernical series; thermodynamic aspects: formation constants, hydration enthalpies, ligand field stabilization energies, Jahn-Teller effects chelate effect; kinetic aspects: ligand substitution and electron transfer mechanisms, fluidonality, tautomerism, and stereochemical nonrigidity, lanthanides and actinides. Organometallic Chemistry. Metal Carbonyls, and hydrocarbon and carbocyclic ligands, 18-electron rule (saturation and unsaturation). Synthesis and properties; patterns of reactivities: substitution, oxidative addition and reductive elmination, insertion and deinsertion, group transfer and elimination, nucleophilic attack on ligands, isomerization and stereochemical nonrigidity. Special Topics or Advanced Material (as time permits) Catalysis and important industrial processes, isomerization, hydrogenation, hydrocyanation, hydrosilylation, hydroformylation, Ziegler-Natta polymerizations, Wacker processes, Fischer-Tropsch reactions. Bioinorganic chemistry: model system approaches, regulation and transport of ions, metalloproteins, iron-sulfur proteins, vitamin B and other cobalamins, and metalloenzymes. Condensed materials containing chain, ring, B12, cage, and network structures, e.g. silicates, polyoxo and heteropolyoxo anions, framework minerals such as aluminosilicates and zeolites, polyhedral boranes, carboranes, and metallocarboranes, borazines, phosphazines and inorganic polymers, metal clusters, nonstoichiometric materials (e.g. superconductors), conducting polymers, and the superlattice materials obtained through vapor deposition. Environmental and atmospheric chemistry. CORE INORGANIC LABORATORY EXPERIENCE The laboratory associated with the inorganic chemistry core should demonstrate principles and techniques used by inorganic chemists. The techniques for synthesis which are generally beyond the introductory courses include inert atmosphere methods (inert atmosphere box, Schlenk, cannula), vacuum line and cylinder gas manipulation, high temperature/autoclave. Where appropriate, the laboratory should provide experiences in methods of purification (recrystallization, sublimation, extraction, chromatography - TLC, LC, and HPLC) and spectral characterization (UV/VIS, IR, NMR, and MS), electrolytic conductivity, optical rotation, and magnetic susceptibility of the inorganic compounds synthesized. The laboratory should include syntheses of an appropriately selected group of inorganic substances. Some syntheses are listed below. ZnS, MoC13, Ba 2Cu3O7-, (η 6-C6H6)Cr(CO), Co2(C0)8, [η 5-C5H5Fe(CO)2CH3], Ni[P(OMe)3]4, chromous acetate, Co(salen) and 02 absorption; K2S208, (electrolysis); Li (eutectic melt and electrolysis); Me3NBF3, B2H6, NaNH2; [Cr(NH3)6](N03)3, Ph2PCH2PPh2, [Co(en)3]3+ and optical resolution; [Ni(glycinate)n] (2-n)+ (stability constants); Sm2O3, Nd203, Pr6011 (ion exchange); [Rh(PPh3)3Cl] and hydrogenation catalysis; [M6Cl12]n+ cluster (M=Ta or Nb), [Re2Cl8] 2- (quadruple bond); [Co(NH3)3a]2+ (aquation kinetics).
Ionic Substances. Lattice and close packing concepts; ionic radii, lattice energy calculations and correlation to properties (solubility, hardness, etc.).
Covalent Molecular Substances. Geometries (symmetry point groups), Lewis structures and VSEPR concepts, valence bond theory (hybridization, , , bonds), molecular orbital theory (homo and hetero-nuclear diatomics, multi-center MO, electron-deficient molecules, -donor and acceptor ligands), electronegativities, bond energies and radii.
Metallic Substances. Close packing concepts, metallic bonding, band theory, conductivity, semiconductors, insulators, defects, preparation of new materials through doping; metallurgy (occurrence, recovery, refining, reactivities); alloys and other "metallic" substances.
Acids and Bases. Acidic, basic, and amphoteric substances; Bronsted-Lowry, Lewis, hard-soft acid base, and solvent system concepts; non-aqueous solvents.
Main Group Elements. Distribution, occurrence, isolation, recovery, structures, properties; synthesis, structure, physical properties, acid-base character, and reactivities of their compounds; Lewis adducts and coordination compounds; organo derivatives, simple anions, oxoacids and their salts; periodic trends, eg. metallic character of the elements, properties of the oxides, halides, hydrides, coordinative saturation and unsaturation; bond strengths and energies.
Transition Elements and Coordination Compounds. Ligands, coordination number, stereochemistry, and nomenclature-, descriptive chemistry (synthesis, structures, properties, acidities, reactivities, electrochemistry, magnetic properties), bonding and spectroscopy. ligand field and molecular orbital theory, electronic spectroscopy, term symbols and spectrochernical series; thermodynamic aspects: formation constants, hydration enthalpies, ligand field stabilization energies, Jahn-Teller effects chelate effect; kinetic aspects: ligand substitution and electron transfer mechanisms, fluidonality, tautomerism, and stereochemical nonrigidity, lanthanides and actinides.
Organometallic Chemistry. Metal Carbonyls, and hydrocarbon and carbocyclic ligands, 18-electron rule (saturation and unsaturation). Synthesis and properties; patterns of reactivities: substitution, oxidative addition and reductive elmination, insertion and deinsertion, group transfer and elimination, nucleophilic attack on ligands, isomerization and stereochemical nonrigidity.
Special Topics or Advanced Material (as time permits) Catalysis and important industrial processes, isomerization, hydrogenation, hydrocyanation, hydrosilylation, hydroformylation, Ziegler-Natta polymerizations, Wacker processes, Fischer-Tropsch reactions. Bioinorganic chemistry: model system approaches, regulation and transport of ions, metalloproteins, iron-sulfur proteins, vitamin B and other cobalamins, and metalloenzymes. Condensed materials containing chain, ring, B12, cage, and network structures, e.g. silicates, polyoxo and heteropolyoxo anions, framework minerals such as aluminosilicates and zeolites, polyhedral boranes, carboranes, and metallocarboranes, borazines, phosphazines and inorganic polymers, metal clusters, nonstoichiometric materials (e.g. superconductors), conducting polymers, and the superlattice materials obtained through vapor deposition. Environmental and atmospheric chemistry.
The laboratory should include syntheses of an appropriately selected group of inorganic substances. Some syntheses are listed below.
ZnS, MoC13, Ba 2Cu3O7-, (η 6-C6H6)Cr(CO), Co2(C0)8, [η 5-C5H5Fe(CO)2CH3],
Ni[P(OMe)3]4, chromous acetate, Co(salen) and 02 absorption;
K2S208, (electrolysis); Li (eutectic melt and electrolysis); Me3NBF3, B2H6, NaNH2;
[Cr(NH3)6](N03)3, Ph2PCH2PPh2, [Co(en)3]3+ and optical resolution; [Ni(glycinate)n] (2-n)+ (stability constants); Sm2O3, Nd203, Pr6011 (ion exchange); [Rh(PPh3)3Cl] and hydrogenation catalysis; [M6Cl12]n+ cluster (M=Ta or Nb), [Re2Cl8] 2- (quadruple bond); [Co(NH3)3a]2+ (aquation kinetics).
Inorganic Chemistry
